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              <text>Since 14th to 15th century, Kilwa was the centre in the southern coast controlling the maritime trade routes to the ancient world, traders, merchants and scholars travelled from middle east, India and Europe, supplied the wealth coming from trade with commodities like ivory, resins, ambergris, wax, rhinoceros horn, skins and tortoiseshell. The ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara were inscribed on the World Heritage list in 1981 Under UNESCO criteria III. </text>
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              <text>Moon, K. (2005). Kilwa Kisiwani: Ancient Port City of the East African Coast. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Printers.&#13;
Chittick, N. (1965). The 'Shiraz' Colonisation of East Africa . Journal of African History Vol.3, 275-294.&#13;
Chittick, N. (1967). Discoveries in the Lamu Archipelago. Azania: Vol. II, 37-67.&#13;
Chami, F. (2009). Kilwa and the Swahili Towns: Reflections from an Archaeological Perspective. In K. Larsen, Knowledge, Renewal and Religion Repositioning and changing ideological and material circumstances among the Swahili on the East African Coast (pp. 38-56). Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet.</text>
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